The volcanic and magmatic evolution of Tongariro volcano

Abstract

This study has produced a comprehensive database of whole-rock geochemical and geochronological analyses on the materials that comprise the edifice of Tongariro volcano. The database has been used to reconstruct Tongariro’s volcanic and magmatic evolution over its ~300 kyr lifespan. Results here show changes in both vent locations and their longevity over Tongariro’s lifespan: these become more widely dispersed and shorter-lived through time, particularly in the most recent 50 kyr. Patterns of enhanced volcanic activity at Tongariro appear to be coeval with activity at Taupo volcano and probably Ruapehu too. This finding provides evidence that tectonic processes are a primary control on the timing and styles of eruptive activity in the central and southern Taupo Volcanic Zone. Significant activity at any of these volcanoes may forewarn of impending activity at the others.